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Muscles

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What are the muscles? muscles are soft tissues, which can be described as the 'engine' that our body used to people itself. Like any other engine, muscles turn energy into motion. They are long-lasting, self-healing and able to grow stronger with practice. A normal human body has more than 600 muscles. They account for about half of a person's weight. What do muscles do? Muscles do everything from allowing us to walk to keep our blood flowing. It would be impossible for us to do anything without our muscles. Muscles have the ability to contract and expand, and so they can maintain the position of the body parts, as well as facilitate the movement of internal organs. What are the muscles made up of? Muscles are made up of fibres, a type of elastic tissue. Each fibre is made up of long thin cells which are packed in bundles. Each bundle is wrapped in a thin skin called the perimysium. The bigger the muscle, the more bundles of fibres it has. Inside the muscles, there are nerv...

Lungs

What are the lungs? The lungs are the organs of respiration in human body. Each human has two lungs. The lungs are coverer by a thin tissue layer called the pleura. The same kind of thin tissue lines the inside of the chest cavity- also called pleura. A thin layer of fluid acts as a lubricant allowing the lungs to slip smoothly as they expand and contract with each breath. The lungs are protected by the rib cage. Where in the body are the lungs located? The lungs are located within our chest cavity inside the rib cage on either side of the heart. The two lings are separated by a structure called the mediastinum. The mediastinum contains the heart, trachea, esophagus, and blood vessels. What is the size of the lungs? Each lung is between 10 and 12 inches longs. The lung on the left is a bit smaller than the lung on the tight because it has to make room for the heart to fit in the chest. Each lung weighs 1.1 kilograms (2.4 lb), therefore making the entire organ about 2.3 kilograms (5.1 l...

Blood

 What is blood? Blood is a constantly circulating fluid providing the body with nutrition, oxygen, and waste removal. blood is mostly liquid, with numerous cells and proteins suspended in it, making blood "thicker" than pure water. How is blood carried to and from the heart? Blood moves through many tubes called arteries and veins, which together are called blood vessels. these blood vessels are attached to the heart. blood going towards the heart is carried through veins. blood going away from the heart is carried through arteries. How does blood travel through the heart? The pathway of blood through the human heart consists of a pulmonary circuit and a systemic circuit. deoxygenated blood is oxygenated in the pulmonary circuit. deoxygenated blood flows through the heart in one direction, entering through the superior vena cava(heart's veins) into the right atrium. from here, it is pumped through the tricuspid valve into the right ventricle before being pumped out throug...

Heart

 What is the heart? the heart, one of the most vital organs of the human body, is a muscular organ with a circulatory system, which is responsible for pumping life-sustaining blood through the blood vessels spread throughout the body, by repeated, rhythmic contractions. from the moment it begins beating, until the moment it stops, the human heart works tirelessly. where in the human body is the heart located? in the human body, the heart is located a little to the left of the middle of the chest, behind the breastbone, and is well protected by the rib cage. it is placed anterior to the vertebral column and posterior to the sternum or breastbone. what is the how many parts does a human heart have? human heart? a normal human heart is about the size of a clenched fist and it weighs approximately 250 to 300 grams in females and 300 to 350 grams in male. right from birth, as the body develops, the heart grows at the same rate as the fist. what is the internal structure of the heart? th...

How did people live during the bronze age?

 How did people live during the bronze age?      During the bronze age, people lived in forms like permanent settlements. Some of them lived in small clusters of thatched roundhouses set amongst the fields. cereal and other crap wear grown in small fields.  agricultural productivity was increased by the ox-drawn plow. How was the settlement of the iron age? The iron age settlement was mainly enclosed structures having tranches and walls, with a planned program of construction from the start. the principal entrance, or was, was extended by a small courtyard. most of the construction found in excavation seems to correspond to granaries aligned along trenches. Why was the pet-digging important during the iron age? during the iron age, peat-digging was important, because the peat was used for melting bog iron. Therefore, peat-diggers and blacksmiths were the most important among the artisans of this age. men involved their women and children's in farm work, in order...

Habitat

Where did the first human beings live? There is evidence that the first human beings lived in the forest and caves along the southern coast of Africa, most likely around six or seven years ago. Though the first human walked upright on the ground, they spent much of their time in trees. The great apes lived (and still live) in tropical rainforests. It is thought that human evolution began when a group of apes began to live more frequently un the savanna, which was more open, with trees, shrubs, and grass. This group, the australopithecines, started walking on two legs since they began to use their hands to carry objects. What did the earliest humans live on? The earliest humans probably lived primarily by scavenging, not actual hunting. Rather than killing large animals themselves for meat, they use carcasses of large animals killed by other predators or carcasses from animals that died at natural causes. They also fed on leaves and fruits. Those living on the coast probably used ...

What is the bronze and iron age?

  What is the bronze age? The bronze age that period, during which humans used weapons and implements made of bronze. It first began in the far east and maybe dated 5000-1200 BC in the middle east and about 2000-500 BC in Europe. The first part of the bronze age is also called ‘CALCOLITHIC’ or copper age since the translation from the stone age to the bronze age. A human could smelt copper but did not yet manufacture bronze. At around 2000 BC, tin was added to copper, to make bronze. What is the iron Age? The iron age is the period around 1200- 550 BC that followed by the bronze Age. When humans made weapons, tools, and farming implements of iron or steel. In Europe, it began around the eighth century BC and in the middle east, around the eleventh century BC. The first systematic production of iron began in Anatolia in what is modern-day turkey. Agricultural practices religious beliefs and artistic styles also developed during the iron age. When where the first hominid foss...

human evolution- page 2

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From which species of the genus Homo have modern humans evolved? Modern humans, also called Homo sapiens sapiens (wise man), are a subspecies believed to have evolved from archaic Homo sapiens, who in turn evolved from Homo erectus. Archaic Homo sapiens typically include Homo heidelbergensis (Heidelberg man), Homo rhodesiensis (Rhoden Man), and Homo neanderthalensis (Neanderthal Man), because their brain size is very similar to modern humans. Archaic Homo sapiens are distinguished from modern humans by having a thick skull, prominent brow ridges, and the lack of a prominent chin. How old are the earliest fossils of modern humans? The earliest fossils of modern humans are from the middle Paleolithic period, about 200,000 years ago, such as from the Omo 1 site in Ethiopia. These fossils show the beginnings of the skull changes that we associate with modern people, including a rounded skull case and possibly a projecting chin.   Who are the cro-magnons? The cro-magnons wer...

Human Evolution - page 1

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 What is meant by human evolution? The term 'human evolution' refers to the processes and changes that led to the appearance of modern humans on Earth. Although it may begin with the last common ancestor of all life, it is usually only concerned with the evolutionary history of primates, in particular, the genus Homo, and the emergence of Homo sapiens as a distinct species of Hominids. How did humans evolve? According to genetic studies, although the first life forms were in the form of bacteria, the record of human evolution extends back more than 6 million years and takes us to the point when human lineage split from that of chimpanzees, our closet living relatives. Although Homo sapiens are the only surviving human species, scientists have evidence of more than 20 species of ancient human relatives. During the process of evolution, humans are involved from the animal order, 'primates' - mammals which include lemurs, monkeys, apes, and tarsiers. When did primate evolu...

History of the Earth

History of the Earth How old is our Earth? Scientists believe that our Earth was formed approximately 4.54 billion years ago. About 14 billion years ago. There was a massive explosion, which the scientist later named “ The Big Bang ”. It released radiation, particles, and huge clouds of atoms, dust, and gas. Our Earth is believed to have been born as a result of this Big Bang.   Where in space is our Earth located? Our Earth is located in a spiral galaxy named the ‘Milky Way’ which is a part of the solar system. The solar system also consists of the sun, the moon, the other seven planets and their moons, numerous comets, asteroids, and minor planets. The solar system was formed from a large, rotating cloud of interstellar dust and gas called the ‘Solar nebula’ , orbiting the Milky Way’s galactic center. The solar nebula was composed of hydrogen and helium, created shortly after the big bang. How did the earth form? After the Big Bang, particles were floating around in s...