human evolution- page 2


From which species of the genus Homo have modern humans evolved?

Modern humans, also called Homo sapiens sapiens (wise man), are a subspecies believed to have evolved from archaic Homo sapiens, who in turn evolved from Homo erectus. Archaic Homo sapiens typically include Homo heidelbergensis (Heidelberg man), Homo rhodesiensis (Rhoden Man), and Homo neanderthalensis (Neanderthal Man), because their brain size is very similar to modern humans. Archaic Homo sapiens are distinguished from modern humans by having a thick skull, prominent brow ridges, and the lack of a prominent chin.


How old are the earliest fossils of modern humans?

The earliest fossils of modern humans are from the middle Paleolithic period, about 200,000 years ago, such as from the Omo 1 site in Ethiopia. These fossils show the beginnings of the skull changes that we associate with modern people, including a rounded skull case and possibly a projecting chin.

 

Who are the cro-magnons?

The cro-magnons were the first early modern humans of the European Upper Paleolithic Age. The fossils of these early humans were found, at Cro-magnon, France in 1868, the earliest known remains of Cro-magnonj man are radiocarbon-dated to 43,000 years ago and they show the same high forehead, upright posture, and slender skeleton as modern humans. Cro-magnons were the first humans to have a prominent chin. The brain capacity was larger than the average for modern humans.



 
Who are the Neanderthals?

The Neanderthals, our closest extinct human relatives, were a subspecies within the genus Homo and were probably the first Homo sapiens. They appeared around 200,000 years ago in Africa and migrated to the rest of the world around 100,000 years ago. Their bodies were shorter and stockier than ours, another adaptation to living in cold environments. They are known from fossil specimens from the Pleistocene period, found in Europe and parts of western and central Asia.

 

What is the prehistoric period?

The prehistoric period is the time before humans began to record events in writing, known mainly through archaeological discoveries, study, research, etc. the historians typically divide human prehistory using the three-age system- the three consecutive time period, named for their respective predomination tool-making technology: the Stone Age, Bronze Age, and Iron Age.

 

How do we ger information about prehistoric times?

Despite the lack of written record, archaeologists (scientists who study the remains of ancient people) have gathered information about prehistoric times from artificial, cave paintings, skeletons, and other preserved remains (fossil). One method that scientists use to date ancient fossil is called radiocarbon dating.

 

What is radiocarbon dating?

All living on Earth are made up of a high percentage of an element called Carbon. Carbon combines with other elements to form molecules that make up a living body. When these lives from the die, they stop taking new carbon. The carbon in their bodies at the time of their death will remain in their bodies until they decay. Radioactive carbon decays at a known rate. This allows scientists to look at the amount of decay in a fossil’s radioactive carbon, and determine a relative date.

 

What is the stone age?

The stone age is a prehistoric cultural stage, or level of human development, characterized by the creation and use of stone tools. This is the period during which is the Homo habilis, our ancestors, used stone tools for the first time, mainly for hunting, chopping meat and wood, and building useful objects. these tools including cutting made of flint and chert, grinding tools made of basalt, sandstone, and quern-stones, and weapons made of wood, bone, shell, and deer-antlers. Based on sophistication and methods of tool design, the Stone Age is divided into three periods: paleolithic (old stone age) -2.5 million years ago to 12000 BC; Mesolithic (Middle Stone Age) -1200 BC to 8000 BC; and Neolithic (New Stone Age) – 8000 to 5000 BC.



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